Master of science materials science and engineering, december 2015, 85 pp. Second edition reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the second edition of bulk metallic glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential. The space race brought us new materials in the last century. A micromechanicsbased incremental damage theory of bulk. Experimental characterization of shear transformation. Process, structure, property and applications of metallic glasses. Research on the liquid alloys includes fundamental studies of rheology, atomic diffusion, crystallization kinetics, liquidliquid phase separation, and the glass transition. The gacontaining bmgs still hold soft magnetic properties and exhibit large plastic strain of 1. An amorphous metal also known as metallic glass or glassy metal is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomicscale structure. Ti40zr10cu36pd14 bulk metallic glass bmg appears very attractive for future biomedical applications thanks to its high glass forming ability, the absence of toxic elements such as ni, al or be and its good mechanical properties. Forming of bulk metallic glass microcomponents, journal of. The development of bulk metallic glass alloys is presented with various elemental selection criteria, design strategies, and experimental techniques. The establishment of appropriate machining techniques for bulk metallic glasses bmgs, which exhibit excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties, is required to apply the bmgs.
A brief overview of bulk metallic glasses npg asia materials. On monolithic ninb metallic glass films, we experimentally revealed 6. The case for bulk metallic glass article pdf available in materials today 73. Mechanical rejuvenation in bulk metallic glass induced by. In many embodiments, at least one of the wave generator, the flexspline, and the circular spline of a respective strain wave gear, includes a bulk metallic glassbased material. A number of alloy systems based on lanthanum, magnesium, zirconium, palladium, iron, cobalt and nickel have been discovered. Soft ferromagnetic bulk metallic glass with potential self. Glassforming ability depends on various factors like enthalpy of mixing, atomic size and multicomponent alloying. Besides the typical calorimetry and xray diffraction, magnetic measurements were employed to analyze the amorphicity degree of the sample. Turning now to the drawings, systems and methods for implementing bulk metallic glassbased strain wave gears and strain wave gear components are illustrated. Shape memory bulk metallic glass composites science. Using commercially available pd, ni, and p precursors, sizecontrolled amorphous pdnip nps were obtained by a onepot solvothermal synthesis procedure. Containing only elements which already exist inside the human body, namely mg, zn and ca, these amorphous alloys are a special type of biodegradable metal.
A novel thermoplastic bonding concept is demonstrated based on the unique rheological behavior and patternreplication ability of bulk metallic glass forming liquids. Two regions were generated within the specimen after the lsp. Mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses sciencedirect. The aim of this work is to analyse the eutectic position and the possible presence of ternary phases in the cu. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs have received significant research interest due to their. Heat conduction is slow in bulk metallic glasses as a result few. The origin of high elastic strain limit may link with high free volume in the film, causing the rearrangement of loosely bonded atomic clusters or atoms upon elastic deformation. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Johnson1 1keck laboratory of engineering materials, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2liquidmetal technologies, lake forest, california 92630, usa received 2 august 2004. Characterization of free volume in a bulk metallic glass. Fracture toughness study on bulk metallic glasses and.
Ductile bulk metallic glass jan schroers1,2, and william l. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs and their derivative metal matrix composites. We obtained the atomic pair distribution function pdf and determined the changes in the pdfs due to deformation. Us20030111142a1 bulk metallic glass medical instruments.
For the first time, a complete and exhaustive characterization of a unique batch of this glassy alloy was performed, together with iso. Characteristic free volumes of bulk metallic glasses. The effect of laser shock peening lsp on mechanical properties of tibased bulk metallic glass bmg was investigated under nanoindentation. In 1993 peker and johnson, at the california institute of technology, discovered a metallic glass with a critical cooling rate of 1 ks. Zirconiumrich bulk metallic glass alloys include quinary alloys containing zirconium, aluminum, titanium, copper and nickel. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Bulk metallic glasslike structure of small icosahedral metallic nanoparticles vicky v. To formulate a good bulk glass forming composition, we found that the gold alloys had to be optimized using. Bioresorbable or bioabsorbable metallic glass is a type of amorphous metal, which is based on the mgznca ternary system. More than 20 master alloys using different raw materials were prepared.
Very recently, the glass forming ability of metallic alloys is significantly enhanced by further multiplication of alloy components based on the three component rules for bulk glass formation. A number of processes is available to synthesise bulk metallic glasses. Machine learning prediction of elastic properties and. Y ternary system, which has been proved to form bulk metallic glasses. We report experimental characterization of shear transformation zones stzs for plastic flow of bulk metallic glasses bmgs based on a newly developed cooperative shearing model johnson wl, samwer k 2005 a universal criterion for plastic yielding of metallic glasses with a ttg23 temperature dependence. A sample of liquidmetal technologies zrbased metallic glass. Inside bulk metallic glasses bmgs metals that are very different from one another can be combined. Bulk metallic glass matrix composites bmgmcs have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as their combination of high strength, toughness, and ductility 1. Their amorphous microstructure and variable composition give bmgs ultrahighyield strengths, large elastic strain limits, high hardness, corrosion resistance, and the ability to be. The mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses, including their superior strength and hardness, and excellent corrosion and wear resistance, combined with their general inability to undergo homogeneous plastic deformation have been a. The resulting ml model predicted the moduli and d max of bmgs in good.
Pdf bulk glassforming alloys have emerged over the past fifteen years with. Mechanisms for fracture and fatiguecrack propagation in a. Differential scanning calorimetry identified typical mg properties of the unsupported pdnip nps with a wide supercooling region of 55 k 602657. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs have been classified according to the atomic size difference, heat of mixing. The multiscale behavior in the shear banding process and the dynamics transition with the parameters are investigated in analytical form. The structure of the ascast glass was confirmed by xrd with cu k. Effect of alloy composition, free volume and glass. Honeycomb structures of bulk metallic glasses sarac. Nowadays researchers tend to consider 10 mm as the minimum diameter or section thickness at which a glass is designated bulk. The nanometerscale replication is small enough to allow light to be diffracted. Febased bulk metallic glasses, soft magnetic materials, structural materials. Amorphous metals are noncrystalline, and have a glasslike structure. During the past decade, they have developed unusual metallic alloys which fail to crystallize during solidification at low cooling rates, thus forming bulk glasses. In this paper, a fresh sheardisplacement model is developed for the plastic deformation of the bulk metallic glasses.
Article characterization of fatigueinduced free volume. Development, characterization, and applications of gold. More commonly, metallic glasses with at least a diameter or section thickness of 1 mm are considered bulk. This century is all about communications and social networking and its time for a new revolution of materials. An intrinsic plastic cu45zr46al7ti2 bulk metallic glass bmg with high strength and superior compressive plastic strain of up to 32. It incorporates major advances in glass forming ability, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties.
Freevolume dependent pressure sensitivity of zrbased bulk metallic glass alban dubach laboratory of metal physics and technology, department of materials, eth zurich, 8093 zurich, switzerland. There is a genuine need to shorten the development period for new materials with desired properties. In this report, the cutting characteristics of bmgs were examined by turning with different tool materials, nose radii r n and cutting speeds v. The focus was later drawn towards the development of noble bulk metallic glasses based on gold and platinum. The smaller the better article pdf available in advanced materials 234. Us7368023b2 zirconiumrich bulk metallic glass alloys. Potential applications of metallic glasses 2211 alloy, fabricated by the same method, was even big with a diameter up to 9 mm.
Using highenergy xray diffraction we examined the atomic structure in bulk metallic glass samples which underwent severe plastic deformation by the highpressure torsion hpt technique. The bmgs discovered to date are classified into seven groups on the basis of a previous result by inoue. Extreme rejuvenation and softening in a bulk metallic glass. Characterization of fatigueinduced free volume changes in bulk metallic glass using positron annihilation spectroscopy electronic version. Ultrafast extreme rejuvenation of metallic glasses by. They are twice as strong as steel, have greater wear and corrosion resistance, are tougher than ceramics, and yet have greater elasticity. Effect of alloy composition, free volume and glass formability on the corrosion behavior of bulk metallic glasses. Read forming of bulk metallic glass microcomponents, journal of materials processing technology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. In this work, machine learning ml was conducted on a dataset of the elastic moduli of 219 bulkmetallic glasses bmgs and another dataset of the critical casting diameters d max of 442 bmgs. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to study free volume in a zrtinicube bulk metallic glass following plastic straining and cathodic charging with atomic hydrogen. Very recently, the glassforming ability of metallic alloys is significantly enhanced by. We present a theoretical support for the transition from unstable states to stable states in the experiment by multiscale. Packing in bmg liquids is very dense, with a low content of free volume.
Fabrication of pdnip metallic glass nanoparticles and. The maximum diameter for glass formation exceeds 10 mm in. Experimental measurements using conventional fatigue. A new concept of soft ferromagnetic bulk metallic glass bmg with selfhealing ability is proposed. Based on the moritanakas mean field concept, a micromechanicsbased incremental damage theory was developed to investigate the mechanical performance of bulk metallic glass matrix composites unde. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs, that display extraordinary properties of high strength, corrosion. The bulk metallic glass alloys may be provided as completely amorphous pieces having crosssectional diameters of at least about 5 mm or even greater. Fu3 1school of materials science and engineering, northwestern polytechnical university, xian, shaanxi 710072, china. Mriguided methods include the use of articles that include bulk metallic glass alloys. Different classes of bmgmcs have been investigated, including various exsitu composites, heterostructures 2, insitu composites with polymorphically crystallized inclusions 3,4, and in. A combination of lithography and thermoplastic forming allows us to fabricate honeycombs from bulk metallic glass bmg precisely and to manipulate its structure selectively.
Bulk metallic glasses bmgs and their derivative metal matrix composites bmgmcs are emerging highperformance engineering materials that are on the precipice of widespread commercialization. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs are multicomponent alloys with typically three to five. Reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the second edition of bulk metallic glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential reading on the subject. Recent advancements in bulk metallic glasses and their. H mix and period of the constituent elements in the periodic table. Ritchie the fracture and fatigue properties of a newly developed bulk metallic glass alloy, zr41. The bulk metallic glass, zr 55 cu 30 ni 5 al 10 atomic %, in this study was prepared by suction casting from master alloys ingots to a watercooled copper mold in an arc furnace. Freevolume dependent pressure sensitivity of zrbased. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs are being studied extensively as potential structural materials as they have a unique array of mechanical properties compared to traditional crystalline metals 14.
Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size. The different sizes of atoms lead to low free volume and therefore up to orders of magnitude. The superior compressive plastic strain was attributed to a large amount of randomly distributed free volume induced by ti minor alloying, which results in extensive shear band. To purchase this ebook for personal use, or in paperback or hardback format, please. Effect of alloy composition, free volume and glass formability on the corrosion behavior of bulk metallic glasses showing 14 of 98 pages in this thesis. In other words the gibbs free energy difference between liquid and crystal. Quantitative prediction of glass forming ability using a priori known parameters is highly desired in metallic glass development. Multiple techniques were used to show that strained samples had more open volume, while moderate hydrogen charging resulted in a free volume decrease. Bmg forming systems through, for example, direct density. Mechanisms for fracture and fatiguecrack propagation in a bulk metallic glass c. We report the chemical fabrication of metallic glass nanoparticles mgnps. Two new bulk metallic glassforming alloy compositions are designed and possible preparation routes are proposed.
The free volume has been recently investigated in various bulk metallic glass. Bulk metallic glasses bmgs formed by rapid quench from liquid melts are emerging as a novel class of versatile advanced materials with excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties over conventional crystalline metals, including superior strength, high elasticity, and excellent corrosion resistance, attributable to their longrange disordered atomic. Nanoindentation response of laser shock peened tibased. Bulk metallic glasslike structure of small icosahedral. In this approach, the bulk metallic glass is heated above t g to the supercooled liquid region while a small normal force is applied to the joint. Here, we estimate the number of potential metallic glasses mgs and bulk metallic glasses bmgs forming systems and alloys, from empirically determined alloy design. In 1992, the first commercial bulk metallic glass with critical casting thickness of up to 10 cm known as vitreloy 1 41. Bmg properties are becoming increasingly competitive compared with those of other engineering materials. Measurement and their correlation with glassforming ability qiang hu,1 xierong zeng,2,a and m. Complex dynamical behavior in the sheardisplacement model.